ANALYSIS OF TYPES OF CROPS CULTIVATED WITH TOMATO AND CROPPING INTENSITY OF IRRIGATED UPLAND TOMATO

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INTRODUCTION
Major tomato producers in Gombe State are small scale farmers who could hardly produce enough to meet the demand of consumers. Tomato produced in the State is done mostly during the dry season, that is, October to May. The period between July to September tomato become very scarce because of high incidence of pests of tomatoes which includes whitefly, green aphid, tomato trusset mite, root-knot nematodes, spider mites, leaf minner (tuba absoluta) and tomatoes disease such as southern blight, fruit rot, bacterial wilt, fusarium wilt, early blight and tomato late blight that associated with growing tomato; general crop management and shifting of tomato producers to production of grain crops. These critical supply elements drive high demand for fresh tomatoes, causes inflation of fresh tomato price, opens market for unhygienic sun-dried tomato as well as clearance for imported fresh tomatoes from neighboring States.
The resources are considered to be at its highest and best use when it is put into use with highest comparative advantage to other uses. Efficiency of resource use can therefore be assessed from the productivity of the output. This is important issue of the present time, because resource use efficiency issues are core elements of sustainable vegetable crop production of small-scale farming activities. Inefficiency use of inputs can jeopardize food availability and its security. It is therefore imperative to know whether resources are used efficiently in tomato production in the study area (Toluwase et al., 2017).
Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) is one of the most important vegetables in Nigeria. It is a relatively short duration crop, high yielding, and economically attractive. Tomatoe contribute to a healthy, well-balanced diet (Naika et al., 2013), as they are rich in minerals, vitamins, essential amino acids, sugars, dietary fibres, vitamin B and C, iron and phosphorus. The consumption of tomatoes and tomato-based foods can be linked to reduced incidence of a variety of cancers in general, including pancreatic, lung, stomach, colorectal, oral, bladder, breast and cervical cancers (Giovannucci, 2014). is the most frequently consumed vegetable in many countries, becoming the main supplier of several plant nutrients and providing an important nutritional value to the human diet (Willcox et al., 2011). Onuk et al. (2018) reported that, constraints faced by farmers in the production of Tomatoes are lack some basic equipment and infrastructure such as pumping machines, tube wells and wash bores that will encourage tomatoes production. The next most critical constraint was inadequate extension support service. The implication of this is that tomato farmers may be operating with outdated production technology hence find tomato production unattractive. Similarly, poor access to credit facilities also affects production of dry season tomato production. The implication is that the lack of access to credit by farmers would weaken their ability to expand their production or adopt new technologies. Finally, poor marketing and processing system was also another critical challenge to tomato production in the study area, causing farmers to sell at giveaway prices at harvest time to reduce losses.
The production constraints include, use of poor agricultural practices; unwillingness of communities to give out land to interested investors to go into commercial production; lack of good quality seeds and over application of fertilizer and other insecticides by farmers. Other constraints include: high cost of critical production inputs such as irrigation equipment, greenhouse, machinery, fertilizer and pesticide, lack of experienced technical manpower in tomato production and management infrastructure and basic amenities such as electricity, roads and water. The lack of good quality seeds and non-adoption of Agricultural Practice result in poor yields and low productivity (Mgboh, 2015). Abebe (2014) expressed that, households that are educated will adopt such novel techniques and technologies and increase their technical efficiency. Also educated households will be more exposed to information and will manage their farm production better. Malinga et al. (2015) in their study conducted in Swaziland, reveal that, the coefficient for age was positive and highly significant at the 1% level of probability. This implies that the advancement in age leads to an increase in technical efficiency; that older farmers are more technically efficient than their younger counterparts. This positive relationship can be likely attributed to experience in farming as well as frequent contacts with extension agents. Most of the younger farmers may irrigated and rain-fed tomato production (GSADP, 2017). Multi-stage random sampling procedure was used to select sample farmers for this study. At first, five LGAs namely Yamaltu Deba, Funakaye, Dukku, Nafada and Kaltungo will be randomly selected on the basis of potential fadama areas. In the second stage, three farming communities will be randomly selected from three Local Government Area (Dukku, Kaltungo and Nafada) and four communities were also selected from two LGA (Funakaye and Yamaltu Deba) were selected on the basis of area and production of dry season tomato making a total of 17 farming communities. Thus, an area with high number of tomato producers gets large number of beneficiaries. Lastly, in each LGA, 10% sample size out of 4,606 sample frames were selected using purposive sampling, thus making a total of 461 farmers used in the study area. Finally, the samples will be randomly selected from the complete list of tomato farmers for interview. This is in line with Eboh (2009) who stated that 10% for 2000-5000 sampling frame is appropriate for decision making in case of social science research.

Method of Data Collection
Data were collected from the selected farmers, through the use of pretested structured questionnaire by the researcher with the assistance of GSDAP trained enumerators. The questionnaire was divided into sections and each is aimed at achieving an objective of the study. The sections in the questionnaire cover socio-economic characteristics of the farmers, cost and returns, technical, allocative and economic efficiency, socio-demographic, economic and institutional factors, Income, and constraints associated with the dry season tomato production system in the study area. This approach was adopted to facilitate intensive data collection.

Method of Data Analysis
Data were analyzed using simple descriptive statistics, farm budgeting techniques (net farm income) and regression analysis of the socio-economic characteristics as well constraints associated with dry season tomato production system in the study area. The objectives of the study were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Table 2 revealed the type of crops the respondents cultivated with tomato. Going by the findings on Table 2, most of the respondents cultivate lettuce with tomato representing 27.1% follow by carrot 20.0%, onion 18.6%, and Cucumber 17.1%. That of Nafada LGA most of the farmers cultivate lettuce with tomato represent 36.4%, cabbage 18%, carrot 18.2%, onion 15.9% and cucumber 11.4%. The result of Funakaye revealed that many of the respondents cultivate onion with tomato representing 24.5%, carrot 20.4%, lettuce 19.4%, cucumber 18.4% and cabbage 17.3%. In Yamaltu Deba LGA, the following crops were cultivated with tomato base on their priorities, many of the farmers cultivated carrot representing 23.2% follow by cucumber 21.0%, onion 20.4% lettuce 18.2% and Cabbage 17.1%. The findings in Kaltungo LGA showed that most of the respondents preferred the cultivation of lettuce with tomato representing 26.5% follow by onion 25.0%, cucumber 20.6%, cabbage 19.1% and carrot 8.8%. This finding signifies that the respondents in the study area cultivate tomato with a supporting crop of priority that earn them additional income and enhance farm efficiency. This finding is in agreement with Sani and Haruna (2014a) reporting farm activities under dry season water melon intercropping with other crops (Garden egg, leafy vegetable, peppers, onion and tomatoes) to constitutes majority for fadama III beneficiaries (38.9%) and non-beneficiaries (50.0%).  Table 3 revealed the sources from where the respondents got their seeds. The findings in Dukku LGA were that, many of the respondents for tomato production acquired their seeds from open markets representing 32.9%, while those recycling seeds from farmers represent 24.3%, Agro-dealers 22.9%, and ADP 20%. In Nafada LGA many of the respondents recycle seeds from farmers representing 31.8% followed by those who acquired from open markets 27.3%, while those who acquired from ADP 20.5% and Agrodealers 20.5%. The study in Funakaye LGA revealed that many respondents recycle seeds from farmers representing 29.6%, some acquired from agro-dealers representing 27.6%, others from the open markets representing 24.5% while those who got their seeds from ADP representing 18.4%. In Yamaltu Deba LGA many of the respondents recycle seeds from farmers representing 30.4% follow by agro-dealers 26%, ADP 22.7% while in the open markets 21.0%.

Sources of Tomato Seeds
As presented in Table 3, the source of seeds in Kaltungo LGA are as follows; ADP 33.8%, open markets 30.9%, agro-dealers 22.1% and recycle seeds from farmers 13.2%. This result shows that the source of tomato in the study area is not just one but, up to four which also signifies that the respondents in Nafada, Funakaye and Yamaltu Deba relays much on recycle seeds from farmers, while those from Dukku preferred the seeds from open markets and while those from Kaltungo preferred the seeds from the ADP. However, seeds are the fundamental input for efficient production. Having the right quality o f certified seeds true to type will yield a good harvest thereby increasing the farmer's income through farm efficiency.  Table 4 revealed the type of fertilizers use for the production of dry season tomato in the study area. In Dukku LGA most of the respondents use NPK representing 41.4%, urea 34.3% and manure 24.3%. In Nafada LGA NPK was use by 45.4% respondents, urea 27.3% and manure 27.3%. The result in Funakaye LGA showed that the respondents that use NPK were 32.6% while urea 52.1% and manure 15.3%. The respondents in Yamaltu Deba LGA use more of urea representing 38.7% followed by NPK 37.0% and manure 24.3%, while in Kaltungo LGA many of the respondents use NPK representing 48.5% followed by urea 32.4% and manure 19.1%, by implication the respondents in Dukku, Nafada, and Kaltungo LGAs preferred to use NPK for the production of dry season tomato, while Yamaltu Deba and Funakaye LGAs use more of urea for the production. Fertilizer is also a very important ingredient for the production of dry season tomato. This is in consonance with Sani (2000) reports that vegetable fadama farming entails increased application of chemical fertilizers because the increase in per hectare fertilizer consumption is due to high yielding varieties of tomato and other vegetable crops.   Table 5 revealed the source from where the respondents got their fertilizer for the dry season tomato farming in the study area. The respondents in Dukku LGA acquired their fertilizers from the following sources; Agricultural Development Programme (ADP) 47.1%, open market 38.6%, and agro-dealers 14.3%. From the respondents in Nafada LGA, many of the farmers acquired their fertilizer from open markets 31.8%, agro-dealers 29.5%. The result from Funakaye revealed that many of the farmers acquired their fertilizer from open markets representing 37.8% followed by ADP 31.6% and those acquired from agro-dealers representing 30.6%. The finding from Yamaltu Deba LGA revealed that many of the respondents acquired their fertilizer from the open markets representing 37.6% followed by ADP 33.1% and others acquired from agro-dealers 29.3%. In kaltungo LGA the respondents acquired their fertilizer from the following sources; ADP 38.2%, open markets 30.9% and agro-dealers 30.9%. Many of the respondents from Dukku, Nafada and Kaltungo LGAs, preferred to acquired their fertilizer from ADP. While those from Funakaye and Yamaltu Deba preferred to acquired their fertilizer from open markets. The findings from study could mean that the inputs from the agro-dealers are not true to type or are expensive.

Types of Planting Materials for Tomato Production
A good planting material result to good output with efficient management. The respondents in the study area use the following planting material for dry season tomato farming. In Dukku LGA, many of the farmers use seedlings representing 64.3% while those use seeds 35.7%. More than half of the respondents in Nafada LGA use seedlings for dry season tomato farming and others use seeds representing 45.5% (Table 6). Many of the respondents in Funakaye LGA use seeds representing 52.0% and some seedlings 48.2%. The planting materials in Yamaltu LGA are seedlings and seeds representing 52.5% and 47.5%, respectively. The result obtainable in Kaltungo LGA showed that most of the respondents use seeds for tomato farming representing 63.2% and others use seedlings representing 38.6%. So, by implication the respondents in Dukku, Nafada, and Yamaltu Deba preferred using seedlings while those from Funakaye and Kaltungo use more of seeds for dry season tomato production.  Table 7 revealed the planting date by tomato farmers in Gombe State, Nigeria. The result shows that in Dukku LGA many of the dry season farmers planted their tomato in the months of July-September 28.6% followed by those who plant in April -June representing 27.1%, while few planted in October-December representing 25.7% and others engage in tomato production in January-March. The findings (Table 7) in Nafada

Planting Date for Dry Season Tomato
LGA also revealed that, most of the tomato farmers in the study area planted their tomato in April-June, July -September 29.5% and 29.5 respectively, and few in October-December. The result from Funakaye showed that, majority of the respondents' plant in October-December, January-March, July -September and April -June representing 27.6%,26.5%,25.5% and 20.4%, respectively. However, in Kaltungo LGA swing into tomato production in October-December and April -June representing 27.9% and 27.9%, respectively.

Journal of Agripreneurship and Sustainable Development (JASD)
www.   Table 8 results in Dukku LGA shows that the respondents engage in the dry season tomato production once 41.4% followed by 31.1% and few go into dry season three time a year representing 27.1%. However, from this study it revealed that majority of the respondents' practices irrigated tomato production thrice, while Funakaye LGA engage into dry season tomato production twice a year. Further to the results presented in Table 8 on cropping intensity, Sani (2000) emphasized that adoption of high yielding varieties of vegetable crops, use of chemicals, expansion of irrigable lands and farm mechanization plays a vital role in increasing the vegetable farming and intensity of productivity; and such improvement in cropping intensity could further be increased and sustained in the long run with adoption of improved vegetable farm cultural practices based on low input sustainable agricultural system.    Also, in Table 9, the respondents in Yamaltu Deba grow the following varieties; Cherry (Omo-Oko), Capari (Gbeske), Grape (Alahusa), Plum (Kerewa) Better boy (UTC), Beef steak (Tyres) which representing 16.6%, 22.1%, 18.8%, 13.3%, 10.5% and 18.8%, respectively. The result from the findings from Kaltungo LGA reveals that, these varieties of tomato were used for production Cherry (Omo-Oko), Capari (Gbeske), Grape (Alahusa), Plum (Kerewa) Better boy (UTC), Beef steak (Tyres)which represent 13.2%, 16.2%, 13.2%,16.2%, 23.5%, and 17.6% respectively. Generally, the findings show tha t each of the study area have its preferred varieties. Dukku LGA preferred Plum while Nafada preferred grape, Funakaye preferred beef steak, Yamaltu Deba preferred capari and while Kaltungo grown more of better (UTC). These result meaning that each study area preferred the varieties that is more marketable and more needed by consumers.

Journal of Agripreneurship and Sustainable Development (JASD)
www.jasd.daee.atbu.edu.ng; Volume 6, Number 2, 2023 Table 10 show the sources of water use for the dry season tomato in the study area. The respondents in Dukku LGA use more of well water representing 37.1%, wash bore/tube 34.3% and surface water 28.6%. In Nafada LGA the following sources of surface water that used by the respondents for the production of tomato; wash borehole/tube 40.9%, surface water 31.8, well water 27.3%. The study in Funakaye LGA revealed that many of respondents use wash borehole/tube representing 39.8%, surface water 32.7% while tube well 27.6%. The findings of the sources of water use by respondents in Yamaltu Deba are wash borehole/tube well 36.5%, well 33.7%, surface 29.8%. The dry season tomato farmers in Kaltungo LGA from the study conducted showed that many of them use washborehole representing 38.2%, surface and well water represent 30.9% and 30.9%, respectively. The study signifies that many of the respondents from Nafada, Funakaye, Yamaltu and Kaltungo use wash borehole as source of water for irrigation, while the respondents from Kaltungo use well water for irrigation. However, the fadama land that respondents use for dry season tomato production has enough underground water to support production hence increase yield.  showed that many of respondents in Dukku use shadduf, those in Nafada, Funakaye, Yamaltu Deba and Kaltungo use canal, water pump, water pump and watering can/others respectively. These irrigation tools facilitate production and promote farm efficiency.  Table 12 revealed the reasons for adoption of irrigation tools by the respondents in the study area. In Dukku LGA many of the farmers use the irrigation tools because it is easier to use. This set of respondents represent 38.6% others faster 32.9% and les s costly represent 28.6%. The reason for adoption of irrigation tools by respondents in Nafada LGA are; it's easier to use 45.5%, faster 31.8%, less costly 22.7%. The findings in Funakaye showed that the respondents adopt irrigation tools for the following reasons; it is easier to use 35.7%, faster 33.7, less costly 30.6%.  Table 12 on Yamaltu Deba showed that many of the respondents use irrigation tools for tomato farming capture under it is easier to use 37.0%, faster 28.7% less costly 34.3%. The respondents in Kaltungo LGA have their reasons for adoption of irrigation tool s are as follows: -many gave their reasons as less costly representing 38.3% followed by faster 33.8% and it is easier to use representing 27.9%. Generally, this study showed that many respondents in Dukku, Nafada, Funakaye, and Yamaltu Deba gave their reasons as it is easier to use, while many of the farmers in Kaltungo gave their reasons as less costly and they are also easy to maintained.

Frequency of Irrigation Per Week
The findings of Table 13 revealed the frequency of irrigation per week as practic e by respondents. The study in Dukku LGA showed that many of the respondents irrigate their tomato twice in week representing 25.7% followed by once in a week 22.9%, while four times 20.0% and three times and five times or more represent 15% each. In Nafad a LGA the frequency of irrigation per week has revealed by the respondents is that many of them irrigate four times per week representing 31.8%, once 27.3%, twice 22.7%, three times 11.4% and five times or more 6.8%. The respondents in Funakaye LGA respond ed that many of them irrigate their tomato five times or more and twice a week representing 23.2% each. Follow by four times a week representing 20.4% follow by three times 19.9% and once 13.3%. The frequency of irrigation in Kaltungo was observed that man y of the respondents irrigate once per week representing 29.4% followed by twice 25.0%, three times 17.6%, four times 16.2%, and five times or more 11.8%. From the field result obtain in Gombe State showed that the respondents irrigate their tomato at least once or five times or more in a week for maximum output.  Table 14 shows the point of sale or where the respondent's sale their tomato in Gombe State. The choice of village markets by majority of the farmers might be connected with high cost of transportation and bad roads. Going by the result obtained, from the field report of Dukku LGA, many of the respondent's sale their tomato at the market representing 27.1% followed by farm gate and market representing 27.5% and those who sale through associations is 24.3%. In Nafada LGA, the point where the respondent's sal e their tomato is at the market 31.8%, through associations 27.3%, at farm gate 22.7% and those who sale at farm gate and market are 18.2%. The field report of Funakaye LGA showed that many of the farmer's sale their tomato at farm gate and market represen ting 28.6% and the next point of sale is through associations representing 27.6%, those who sales at the market are 23.5% and those at the farm gate 20.4%. The result of Yamaltu Deba revealed that many of the farmers sale their tomato at farm gate and mark et representing 28.7%, some through association 26.5%, those who sale at the market 24.9%, while those who sale at the farm gate is 19.9%. Table 27 results however, in Kaltungo LGA revealed that many of the respondent's sale their tomato at the market representing 36.8%, while some sale at farm gate, and farm gate and market representing 22.1% each, while others sale through associations representing 19.1%. The implication of these study showed that the tomato farmers in Gombe State had their outlets for the sale of tomato. This implies that, the frequency at which tomato farmers disposed their produce either in bulks or retailing could enhanc e their abilities to purchase other goods and services thereby reducing the incidence of poverty. However, the respondents in Dukku, Nafada, and Kaltungo sales more of their tomato at the market and those from Funakaye and Yamatu

Point of Sale of Tomato
LGAs sale more of their tomato at the farmgate.

Grading of Tomato
The findings in Table 15 discussed the grading of tomato as handle by the respondents in Gombe State, Nigeria. Base on the result from Dukku LGA more than half of the respondents do not grade their tomato before sale this represent 54.3%, those who do the grading is 45.7%. In Nafada LGA the result showed that those do the grading and those do not are 43.2% and 56.8% respectively. The result of Funakaye in Gombe State also revealed that those who are into tomato farming, some grade their tomato and others do not and are represented as 56.1% and 43.9%, respectively. The tomato farmers from Yamaltu Deba the result showed that those who do the grading have 54.1% while those who do not grade represent 45.9%. The result of Table 28 on grading of tomato in Kaltungo LGA revealed that more than half of the respondents do not grade their tomato 51.5%, those who grade is 48.5%. The general result on grading of tomato in Gombe State revealed that most of farmers do not grade their tomato before sale and that will reduce 190 economic efficiency. There is need for sanitization and awareness on grading of tomato before sale. This will help to increase income/profit of the farmers on tomato base on grade.

Method of Transportation
The findings in Table 16 availed the methods and mode of transporting tomato from farm to point of sales, based on the findings in Dukku, many of respondents use Pickup vans and animal traction these represent 24.3% each, followed by Motorcycle 20.0%, and those who use bicycle, and head carriage represent 15,7%, and 15.7%, respectively.  The findings (Table 16) obtained in Nafada LGA is that, many of the farmers use animal traction to transport tomato from farm to point of sale, some use bicycle 27.3%, head carriage 15.9%, motorcycle 13.6%, and pick-up 11.4%. The field report of Funakaye LGA of Gombe State showed that the respondents use more of the head carriage representing 23.5% followed by animal traction 21.4% some use motorcycle 19.4%, bicycle 18.4% and others use pick-up van 17.3%. The findings from Yamaltu Deba LGA tomato farmers indicate that many of the respondents use head carriage 28.2% to transport their tomato from farm to point of sale in the study area, some use motorcycle representing 27.1%, animal traction 15.6%, pickup van 15.5% and others use bicycle 12.7%. Base on the field result obtained from Kaltungo LGA, more of the respondents use animal traction which is 27.9%, those who use motorcycle were 20.6%, some use bicycle which was 19.6%, some use pick-up van 17.6% and others use head carriage as means of transportation which represent 14.7%. This study signifies that, many of the respondents in Gombe State have various means of transporting their products which is much more adoptable to them. Table 17 represent the result of the mean cost of transportation of tomato per basket to the point of sale. This table showed that the mean cost of transportation of tomato per basket in Dukku LGA as N215.9000 minimum N114, and maximum N450, respectively. Meaning that the average cost of transportation of tomato by the farmers is within cost efficiency. The mean of the cost of transportation in Nafada LGA is N164.2045, minimum N103 and maximum N342, respectively. The cost of transporting a basket of tomato in Funakaye LGA showed that the mean is N101.2857, minimum N101 and maximum N390, respectively. The field report of Yamaltu Deba revealed that the mean cost of transporting a basket of tomato is N127.5691, minimum N100 and maximum N299, respectively. Also, in Kaltungo LGA, the mean cost for the transportation a basket of tomato is N192.2647, minimum N104, and maximum N344, respectively. The implication of this study is that, the tomato farmers within the study area do not see the cost of transportation as a hindrance to production.  Table 18 revealed the field report on how the respondents source funds for tomato production in Gombe State. In Dukku LGA, the field report revealed that the following are the sources from which the respondents get money for farming tomato; personal savings, friends and family, cooperative societies, commercial banks, and bank of agriculture 22.9%, 15.7%, 17.1%, 28.6%, and 15.7%, respectively. The results from Nafada LGA on the source of capital for tomato farming revealed the following; personal savings, friends and family, cooperative societies, commercial banks, and bank of agriculture are represented as 13.6%, 20.5%, 11.4%, 21.5% and 25%, respectively. The finding from Funakaye LGA on source of capital for tomato farming the following were obtained; personal savings, friends and family, cooperative societies, commercial banks, and bank of agriculture are represented as 23.5%, 21.4%, 19.4%, 18.4% and 17.3 % respectively. The respondents in Yamaltu Deba LGA on the process of this study revealed the sources of capital for tomato production which are as presented as personal savings, friends and family, cooperative societies, commercial banks, and bank of agriculture 22.7%, 18.8%, 17.7%, 22.1% and 18.8%, respectively. However, the field report of Kaltungo LGA from where the respondents get capital for tomato production are as follows; personal savings, friends and family, cooperative societies, commercial banks, and bank of agriculture are presented as follows; 23.5%, 22.1%, 25.0%, 8.8%, and 20.6%, respectively. The implication of this study in Gombe State, Nigeria is that, many of the respondent's relayed more on personal savings. This signifies that informal type of credit dominant the source of capital for tomato production in Gombe State and by implication farmers will enhance their capital and credit capacity. Apata et al. (2010) says access to farm credit plays significant role in entire farm production cycle and farmers welfare. Agricultural finance comprised of all loans and advances given or granted to farmers and others in agricultural related activities such as fisheries, forestry, processing, marketing, transportation, storage and distribution of products resulting from these activities (Sani, 2017). Sources of agricultural credits include, government, relatives, landlords, agricultural banks, professional money lenders, traders, cooperatives and commercial or micro-finance banks (Sani, 2017). Improving access to credit and finance for agricultural development, through a lower interest regime which constitute a disincentive to agriculture, and availing agribusinesses the opportunity of leveraging on the special intervention programmes (e.g., anchor borrowing scheme) of the Central Bank of Nigeria in support of agricultural production and agro enterprises (Sani, 2017). Yamaltu Deba field report on capital for tomato dry season production was N204,785.956, minimum N142,262 and maximum N434,958, respectively. The mean capital obtained from Kaltungo field report for dry season tomato production was N191,815.90, minimum N165,572 and maximum N333,272, respectively. This study revealed that the respondents in Gombe State have different sources of capital for the production of dry season tomato in a sustainable manner for farm efficiency.

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
The study concluded that the respondents in Gombe State have different sources of capital for the production of dry season tomato in a sustainable manner for farm efficiency. In the study area many of the farmers used the irrigation tools because it is easier to use. This set of respondents represent 38.6% others faster 32.9% and less costly represent 28.6%. The reason for adoption of irrigation tools by respondents in Nafada LGA are; it's easier to use 45.5%, faster 31.8%, less costly 22.7%. The findings in Funakaye showed that the respondents adopt irrigation tools for the following reasons; it is easier to use 35.7%, faster 33.7, less costly 30.6%. The farmers should form strong cooperative associations, to be united in one voice to have a bargaining power over labour cost and can also make request to government on their needs. Farmers should also adopt high yielding varieties tomato so as to gain high yield for high returns on investment